American Idol voting
the VoteFair way

The poll here correctly identifies the least-popular contestant.  How?  It uses all your preferences — and all the preferences of other voters — in VoteFair ranking calculations.

(Also on this page: season 7 summary, cross-season poll through season 6, season 6 summary, season 5 summary, earlier cross-season polls, and Jennifer Hudson's early elimination)

 

Cross-season poll, Seasons 1 through 7

 

VoteFair Ballot

Seasons 1 through 7, cross-season poll

View current results

You can vote just once (this year!).
Although multiple votes from the same voter are removed,
you can tell other fans of your favorite to vote here.

The current results of this cross-season poll (after removing duplicates) reveal that fans of David Archuleta are well-networked and telling one another to vote here.  Thank you, everyone, for voting here!

 

Remember that the VoteFair.org website (look in the upper right corner) is ready to calculate poll, survey, and election results free for you!  After you create your poll/election, put the supplied link into your Facebook or MySpace page or your organization's website so that visitors or members can vote conveniently.

If you haven't already read it, please read the What's going on in the 2008 Presidential elections? commentary on the VoteFair News page.  It reveals what news story currently is not being covered, yet it's likely to become a hot news story.

 

Season 7 commentary

 

Congratulations, David Cook!

The final VoteFair poll results indicated that David Archuleta was slightly more popular than David Cook, so what happened?

Having the phone lines open for four hours surely limited the late-night and after-midnight calls from younger fansDavid Archuleta has more young fans than David Cook, so this gave an advantage to older fans, and therefore David Cook.  This alone could account for the surprise result.

The VoteFair poll cannot predict this kind of surprise because this poll does not have the same conditions—especially limited hours and multiple votes—that characterize the official voting.  These differences easily account for the result differences.  Also remember that this was a close race in both the official results and the VoteFair poll.  When a race is close, anything can happen.

 

Answering a visitor's question

A visitor here has asked an excellent question: “I don't fully understand how results are tallied for the different voting methods. Why, for instance, in the AI poll, is David A ranked 2nd when he has so many more votes than David C? AI allows voting as many times as one wants, and whoever has the most votes wins. I guess I just don't get the results.”

Let's compare these three different ways of voting:

  • “VoteFair ranking” in which each voter casts one “order-of-preference” ballot.
  • “First-choice-only” (or “plurality”) vote counts using just the first choice from each “order-of-preference” ballot.
  • Official AI “plurality” voting in which a voter can cast multiple “first-choice-only” votes.

Using the results from last week's poll, here are the “plurality” vote counts using just the first choice from each “order-of-preference” ballot:

  • David Archuleta:   1,248 votes
  • Jason Castro:   928 votes
  • David Cook:   811 votes
  • Syesha Mercado:   100 votes

On the surface it appears that David Archuleta is the most popular.  This belief is reinforced by the fact that all U.S. elections presume that the person with the most first-choice votes deserves to be the “winner”.

Yet VoteFair ranking calculates these results:

  • First-most popular:   David Cook
  • Second-most popular:   David Archuleta
  • Third-most popular:   Jason Castro
  • Fourth-most popular: Syesha Mercado

Why is David Cook ranked first even though he has fewer first-choice votes than either David Archuleta or Jason Castro?  Look in the Data and Calculation Summary section of the results, and you will see that, based on 3,109 ballots (from 3,109 voters), here are the relevant comparisons:

  • 1,547 voters prefer David Cook over David Archuleta, and 1,501 (a smaller number of) voters prefer David Archuleta over David Cook, and 61 voters ranked these two singers as equally preferred.
  • 1,646 voters prefer David Cook over Jason Castro, and 1,380 (a smaller number of) voters prefer Jason Castro over David Cook, and 83 voters ranked these two singers as equally preferred.

These numbers reveal that more voters prefer David Cook over David Archuleta, and that more voters prefer David Cook over Jason Castro.  This is why VoteFair ranking indicates that David Cook is actually the most popular—in this poll.

How can this be?  The important point is that “order-of-preference” ballots reveal whether the voter prefers David Cook or David Archuleta even when the voter's first choice is Jason Castro or Syesha Mercado.  Similarly, when a voter indicates a first choice of David Archuleta or Syesha Mercado, the voter also indicates whether they prefer David Cook or Jason Castro.  In other words, VoteFair ranking takes into account important information that first-choice-only counts completely ignore.

Hopefully it's now apparent why last week David Cook was indicated here as a possible early elimination.  He may actually be the most popular (in that week), yet he is next-to-last based on first-choice-only votes (in this poll).

Of course the official AI vote counts are different because they allow a voter to vote many times.  Some people believe that the results can still be fair as long as voters also put in some votes for their second-favorite and maybe their third-favorite.  Unfortunately that's not a valid belief.  In fact, even if, somehow, everyone put in three votes for their favorite, two votes for their second-favorite, and one vote for their third-favorite (and no votes for their least favorite), the results would not always be fair.  In fact this result is calculated and appears under the name “Borda count”, and in this case the Borda-count method mistakenly suggests that David Archuleta is most popular (in this recent poll result).

 

Why was Michael Johns eliminated early?

Unlike the other seven singers, Michael Johns did not receive a concentration of first-choice votes from an established large fan base willing to continuously dial his phone number.  That happened because, relatively speaking, he does not appeal to any ready-made, well-defined, and well-networked fan base.  In contrast, keeping in mind that averages do not apply to individuals, consider that rock-music fans would tend to concentrate votes on David Cook, country-music fans would tend to concentrate votes on Kristy Lee Cook, African Americans would tend to concentrate votes on Syesha Mercado, female pre-teens and teens would tend to concentrate votes on Jason Castro and David Archuleta, fans of female musicians would tend to concentrate votes on Brooke White (as the most popular female singer), conservative adults would tend to concentrate votes on David Archuleta and Brooke White, and rebellious teenagers and vocal-quality-conscious musicians would tend to concentrate votes on Carly Smithson.  Why didn't the previous week's VoteFair poll predict his early elimination?  Because in this poll each voter votes only once, whereas the official voting allows dedicated fans to vote as many times as the phone system can handle.  Note that vote concentration is the flip side of vote splitting.

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Season 7 summary table

This table summarizes the VoteFair poll results.  To view any week's poll rankings and details, click the link(s) in that week's heading.  Asterisks indicate cases where vote splitting or vote concentration caused a delayed elimination—in the case of Kristy Lee Cook and Syesha Mercado—or early elimination—in the case of Michael Johns.

Photo Contestant Top 12 females
Top 12 males
Top 10 females
Top 10 males
Top 8 females
Top 8 males
Top 6 females
Top 6 males
Top 11 Top 10 Top 9 Top 8 Top 7 Top 6 Top 5 Top 4 Top 3 Top 2 Winner
David CookDavid Cook5 (m)5 (m)4 (m)2 (m)2223221122Winner
David ArchuletaDavid Archuleta1 (m)1 (m)1 (m)1 (m)1111112211Runner
up
Syesha MercadoSyesha Mercado2 (f)3 (f)4 (f)4 (f)9777 *66 *5 *4 *3Out--
Jason CastroJason Castro3 (m)3 (m)3 (m)4 (m)56623333Out----
Brooke WhiteBrooke White4 (f)2 (f)2 (f)1 (f)3335454Out------
Carly SmithsonCarly Smithson6 (f)5 (f)3 (f)2 (f)455654Out--------
Kristy Lee CookKristy Lee Cook10 (f)8 (f)6 (f)6 (f)11 *10 *9 *8 *7 *Out----------
Michael JohnsMichael Johns2 (m)2 (m)2 (m)3 (m)6444 *Out------------
Ramiele MalubayRamiele Malubay1 (f)1 (f)1 (f)3 (f)788Out--------------
Chikezie EzeChikezie Eze11 (m)8 (m)6 (m)6 (m)89Out----------------
Amanda OvermyerAmanda Overmyer7 (f)10 (f)8 (f)5 (f)10Out------------------
David HernandezDavid Hernandez6 (m)4 (m)5 (m)5 (m)Out--------------------
Asia'h EppersonAsia'h Epperson3 (f)4 (f)5 (f)Out----------------------
Danny NorriegaDanny Norriega7 (m)7 (m)7 (m)Out----------------------
Kady MalloyKady Malloy8 (f)7 (f)7 (f)Out----------------------
Luke MenardLuke Menard9 (m)9 (m)8 (m)Out----------------------
Alaina WhitakerAlaina Whitaker5 (f)6 (f)Out------------------------
Robbie CarricoRobbie Carrico4 (m)6 (m)Out------------------------
Alexandrea LushingtonAlexandréa Lushington9 (f)9 (f)Out------------------------
Jason YeagerJason Yeager10 (m)10 (m)Out------------------------
Colton David BerryColton David Berry8 (m)Out--------------------------
Joanne BorgellaJoanne Borgella11 (f)Out--------------------------
Amy Jean DavisAmy Jean Davis12 (f)Out--------------------------
Garrett HaleyGarrett Haley12 (m)Out--------------------------

 


Cross-season poll for seasons 1 through 6

In this summary table, notice that some of the first-place winners are at or near the bottom.  This demonstrates the unfairness of using (primitive) single-mark ballots.  The more popular singers would have been the winners if official voting used order-of-preference ballots.  (Detailed results)

Popularity Choice VoteFair
ranking
score
Traditional
vote count

(for comparison)
First-most popular Carrie Underwood (season 4)  Ranking score is 59 for Carrie Underwood (season 4) 19 voters marked Carrie Underwood (season 4) as their first choice
Second-most popular Kelly Clarkson (season 1)  Ranking score is 54 for Kelly Clarkson (season 1) 18 voters marked Kelly Clarkson (season 1) as their first choice
Third-most popular Jordin Sparks (season 6)  Ranking score is 54 for Jordin Sparks (season 6) 39 voters marked Jordin Sparks (season 6) as their first choice
Fourth-most popular Elliott Yamin (season 5)  Ranking score is 38 for Elliott Yamin (season 5) 8 voters marked Elliott Yamin (season 5) as their first choice
Fifth-most popular Melinda Doolittle (season 6)  Ranking score is 34 for Melinda Doolittle (season 6) 20 voters marked Melinda Doolittle (season 6) as their first choice
Sixth-most popular Blake Lewis (season 6)  Ranking score is 27 for Blake Lewis (season 6) 19 voters marked Blake Lewis (season 6) as their first choice
Seventh-most popular Clay Aiken (season 2)  Ranking score is 23 for Clay Aiken (season 2) 9 voters marked Clay Aiken (season 2) as their first choice
Eighth-most popular Jennifer Hudson (season 3)  Ranking score is 18 for Jennifer Hudson (season 3) 3 voters marked Jennifer Hudson (season 3) as their first choice
Ninth-most popular Katharine McPhee (season 5)  Ranking score is 13 for Katharine McPhee (season 5) 6 voters marked Katharine McPhee (season 5) as their first choice
Tenth-most popular Taylor Hicks (season 5)  Ranking score is 7 for Taylor Hicks (season 5) 8 voters marked Taylor Hicks (season 5) as their first choice
Eleventh-most popular Ruben Studdard (season 2)  Ranking score is 4 for Ruben Studdard (season 2) 0 voters marked Ruben Studdard (season 2) as their first choice
Twelfth-most popular Fantasia Barrino (season 3)  Ranking score is 0 for Fantasia Barrino (season 3) 0 voters marked Fantasia Barrino (season 3) as their first choice

 


Season 6 commentary

In season 6, vote-splitting and vote-concentration (which is the flip-side of vote-splitting) caused the long-running delay in eliminating Sanjaya Malakar, and caused the slightly early elimination of Melinda Doolittle. (They are marked with asterisks in the table.)

In this VoteFair poll, Sanjaya was correctly identified as being the least popular every week for 8 weeks.  During that time he was designated by the "vote for the worst" website and radio-show host Howard Stern as "the worst", and worthy of votes to make the show entertaining.  This concentration of votes is the flip-side of vote-splitting.

As in politics, which also uses single-mark ballots, money is concentrated on a single candidate in each U.S. primary election, and if necessary money is used to temporarily back a candidate who is politically similar to the candidate who is most disliked by the biggest sources of money.

There was never any chance of Sanjaya winning.  The strategy of concentrating votes in contests where only first-choice preferences are considered can work when there are lots of other contestants among whom the other voters split their votes.  However, the strategy fails when there are fewer choices.

Melinda was eliminated before Blake Lewis because she and Jordin split the primitive single-mark (official) votes of the voters who preferred a female winner, while voters who preferred a male winner concentrated their votes on the same person.  (If voting had been split into two-way ("pairwise") contests, Jordin would have won over Blake, and Melinda would have won over Blake.)  Nevertheless, Melinda is not as popular as a first choice, and that's all that counts in single-mark-ballot voting.

The lesson?  The person with the most (first-choice) votes is not necessarily the most popular, and the person with the fewest (first-choice) votes is not necessarily the least popular.

Learn more about vote splitting at Wikipedia.

 

Season 6 summary table

(Asterisks indicate delayed or premature eliminations.)

Contestant Top 12
males

Top 12
females
Top 10
males

Top 10
females
Top 8
males

Top 8
females
Top 12 Top 11 Top 10 Top 9 Top 8 Top 7 Top 6
First week
Top 6
Second week
Top 4 Top 3 Top 2 Winner
Jordin Sparks4-tie
(f)
3 (f)3 (f)42221112121Winner
Blake Lewis1 (m)1 (m)1 (m)33333233332Out
Melinda Doolittle2 (f)2 (f)1 (f)1111232121 *Out--
Lakisha Jones1 (f)1 (f)2 (f)244444454Out----
Phil Stacey3 (m)3 (m)4 (m)910976654Out------
Chris Richardson4 (m)4 (m)3 (m)75665566Out------
Sanjaya Malakar10 (m)10 (m) *8 (m) *12 *11 *10 *9 *8 *7 *Out----------
Haley Scarnato7-tie
(f)
7 (f)7 (f)119887Out------------
Gina Glocksen4-tie
(f)
6 (f)6 (f)6755Out--------------
Chris Sligh2 (m)2 (m)2 (m)567Out----------------
Stephanie Edwards6 (f)4 (f)5 (f)88Out------------------
Brandon Rogers5 (m)7 (m)6 (m)10Out--------------------
Sabrina Sloan3 (f)5 (f)4 (f)Out----------------------
Sundance Head11 (m)5 (m)5 (m)Out----------------------
Jared Cotter8 (m)6 (m)7 (m)Out----------------------
Antonella Barba11 (f)10 (f)8 (f)Out----------------------
Leslie Hunt7-tie
(f)
8 (f)Out------------------------
Nicholas Pedro7 (m)8 (m)Out------------------------
Alaina Alexander10 (f)9 (f)Out------------------------
A. J. Tabaldo6 (m)9 (m)Out------------------------
Nicole Tranquillo7-tie
(f)
Out--------------------------
Amy Krebs12 (f)Out--------------------------
Rudy Cardenas9 (m)Out--------------------------
Paul Kim12 (m)Out--------------------------

 


Results of cross-season polls

Five-season poll results based on 2,000 votes
(after repeat votes eliminated) (detailed results)

  1. Clay Aiken
  2. Kelly Clarkson
  3. Taylor Hicks (second-most representative)
  4. Carrie Underwood
  5. Elliott Yamin
  6. Chris Daughtry
  7. Bo Bice
  8. Ruben Studdard
  9. Katharine McPhee
  10. Constantine Maroulis
  11. Fantasia Barrino

Four-season poll results based on 6,338 votes
(after repeat votes eliminated) (detailed results)

  1. Clay Aiken
  2. Kelly Clarkson
  3. Carrie Underwood
  4. Bo Bice
  5. Constantine Maroulis (second-most representative)

 

Season 5 summary

In season 5 there were three unfairly early eliminations. (They are marked with asterisks in the table.)

Contestant Top 12 females Top 12 males Top 10 females Top 10 males Top 8 females Top 8 males Top 12
ranking
Top 11
ranking
Top 10
ranking
Top 9
ranking
Top 8
ranking
Top 7
ranking
Top 6
ranking
Top 5
ranking
Top 4
ranking
Top 3
ranking
Top 2
ranking
Final
result
Taylor Hicks1 (m)1 (m)2 (m)23111111111Winner
Katharine McPhee3 (f)1 (f)1 (tie) (f)31354444432Out
Elliott Yamin4 (m)4 (m)3 (m)6652333222 *Out--
Chris Daughtry3 (m)2 (m)1 (m)122322233 *Out----
Paris Bennett1 (f)2 (f)4 (f)97667555Out------
Kellie Pickler4 (f)4 (f)1 (tie) (f)5577566Out--------
Ace Young2 (m)3 (m)4 (m)898987Out----------
Bucky Covington9-tie (m)5 (m)5 (m)1010986Out------------
Mandisa5 (f)6 (f)3 (f)4444 *Out--------------
Lisa Tucker2 (f)3 (f)6 (f)7810Out----------------
Kevin Corvais6 (m)7 (m)7 (m)1211Out------------------
Melissa McGhee77 (f)7 (f)11Out--------------------
Gedeon McKinney8 (m)9 (m)6 (m)Out----------------------
Ayla Brown6 (f)5 (f)5 (f)Out----------------------
Will Makar5 (m)6 (m)8 (m)Out----------------------
Kinnik Sky10 (f)9 (f)8 (f)Out----------------------
Jose "Sway" Penala9-tie (m)10 (m)Out------------------------
Brenna Gethers12 (f)10 (f)Out------------------------
David Radford7 (m)8 (m)Out------------------------
Heather Cox8 (f)8 (f)Out------------------------
Patrick Hall11 (m)Out--------------------------
Stevie Scott11 (f)Out--------------------------
Bobby Bennet12 (m)Out--------------------------
Becky O'Donohue9 (f)Out--------------------------

 

The biggest surprise elimination

In Season 3 Jennifer Hudson was eliminated unfairly early.  There were seven contestants remaining.  She and Fantasia Barrino — who was the final winner — and LaToya London were female, African-American, excellent singers.  All three of these previously popular singers ended up in the "bottom three" that night. This was a classic demonstration of "vote splitting" in which the presence of similar choices reduces the votes for each of the similar choices. Its effect is well-known, but the solution — order-of-preference voting and VoteFair ranking — is only beginning to be recognized.

Remember: The person with the fewest votes is not necessarily the least popular!

 

As a clarification, Constantine Maroulis was not eliminated early because of vote-splitting, but rather because of a phone-system failure.  (A statistical analysis of the phone-call data could have identified the time and place of the failure.  This analysis also could have identified who really had the fewest first-choice votes.)

 

Like these American Idol polls?  Spread the word!  Also you are invited to voice your opinion — about VoteFair ranking (not about contestants) — on the Testimonials page.

 


 

© Copyright 2008 Richard Fobes

 

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